Relationship between design strategies of commercial three-way monolithic catalysts and their performances in realistic conditions

Monolith-shaped three-way catalysts (TWC) are always at the edge of science and technology as a response to stringent updates on emission standards worldwide. In spite rapid research TWC materials, exact compositions adapted by major automotive companies not fully known. This study focuses comparing two fresh commercial monolithic for gasoline engines, namely, monolith-A monolith-B, highlight significance their manufacturing strategies its characterization catalytic evaluation under realistic lean/rich/stoichiometric regimes. Firstly, demonstrates zoning front back side with high Pd Rh loading enhance CO/HC oxidation NOx reduction, respectively, having higher amounts trace dopants like La, Y, Pr S. Whereas, monolith-B has homogeneous composition much lower noble metal/trace elements content without any Secondly, double-layer washcoating is employed following different routes distinct alumina ceria-zirconia. Monolith-B showed better low temperature CO performance while performed reduction owing loading. Overall, strategy raises question cost effectiveness in regards poor capabilities exhibited monolith-B. highlights that latest have scope further development particularly respect performance/expense ratio.